Research

To be considered for funding, all project ideas must be submitted at the Letter of Intent (LOI) stage. If new issues or opportunities arise after the LOIs are due and warrant a rapid research response, please contact us and we will consider these on a case-by-case basis.

Investment in research is a long-term strategic initiative of the Grain Farmers of Ontario. Our goal is to target our research and innovation investments toward opportunities that will enhance farmer member profitability and sector competitiveness. The updated 2024 Grain Farmers of Ontario Research Priorities are available in PDF form and described below.

The purpose of this Call for Letters of Intent (LOIs) is to allow researchers to convey a project concept with an estimated budget so that Grain Farmers of Ontario has the chance to screen project ideas and provide feedback prior to requesting the full proposals for successful LOIs.

Each year a portion of the $1.8 million research budget is available to fund new projects. For our 2025 Call for Letters of Intent we will be accepting barley, corn, oat, soybean, and wheat project ideas targeting one or more specific priorities within our four broad priority areas as described in our Research Priorities document: Agronomy & Production; Weed, Disease & Insect Pests; Breeding & Genetics; and Crop Utilization & Crop Quality.

Grain Farmers of Ontario strongly encourages partnerships amongst research institutions and with other funding agencies, where relevant. If you would like to discuss linkages with other funding programs, please give us a call.

For your submission, please complete this year’s Letter of Intent template through the ‘LOI Form & Instructions’ button below. Instructions are found on the cover page within the template. It is important to express specifically how your research idea will benefit Ontario’s barley, corn, oat, soybean and wheat farmers, and to use plain language when describing your project.

If there is confidential content within your proposal, please identify the sensitive content clearly with “Confidential” at the beginning of the section.

Timeline for 2025 Call for Research Proposals:

• LOI intake opens – Monday, June 17, 2024
• LOI submission deadline – Wednesday July 10, 2024 (4:30 p.m.)
• LOIs reviewed – August 19 – 20, 2024
• Researchers notified of LOI outcome; full proposals requested for successful LOIs – 5-10 business days after review
• Full proposal deadline – Thursday November 7, 2024 (4:30 p.m.)
• Full proposals reviewed – December 2024
• Researchers notified of full proposal outcome – January/February 2025

If you have any questions or concerns, or would like to discuss your project idea in advance, please contact:

Paul Barnard, Research Coordinator: pbarnard@gfo.ca or 226-979-3270.

To assist you with preparing your LOI, please find below three resources:

• ‘The Importance of a Treatment List’ article providing useful insight and guidance into the type of information review committees benefit from receiving when reviewing research proposals.
• ‘Ontario Grain Farming 101’ video series (released June 2021). Broaden your knowledge on what it’s like to be a grain farmer in Ontario and how it affects decision-making on the farm to provide more context to your research. Ontario Grain Farming 101 is a compilation of short videos all about grain farming in Ontario covering the business aspects, the technology involved, and the work it takes to grow grain on Ontario farms and market it to the world (Trailer below).

• ‘Cost Benefit Analysis’ webinar (below) explaining various ways to determine the Return on Investment (ROI) of a research idea.

Nutrient management

• Improve tools for making nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium rate decisions.  
• Optimize plant use efficiency and profitability of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and calcium (e.g., 4R nutrient stewardship), and validate the effectiveness of 4R practices on farm, including their impact on nutrient losses, opportunities for reduced nutrient application requirements, reduced GHG emissions, and improved water quality.
  • Improve decision support for making in-season nitrogen rate adjustments by determining the need for top-ups (e.g. accounting for rainfall and nitrogen losses) and optimizing upfront nitrogen application for effective later-season supplementation. (new priority for 2024)
• Identify critical soil and plant tissue micronutrient levels to update Ontario nutrient application recommendations.
• Integrate 4R practices for commercial fertilizer with other nutrient sources (e.g., cover crops, manure, biosolids, soil supplied nutrients) to refine application rates.
• Identify how manure can best be utilized in minimal till/no-till cropping systems to balance crop productivity and nutrient losses (e.g., into standing cover crops).
• Develop a standardized accredited Ontario sulfur test.

Soil management

• Develop cost-effective soil health testing procedures (particularly the biological component) which can identify production systems that improve long-term soil health and resilience of Ontario crop production.
• Assess the validity and interpretation of soil health assessment tools to corroborate lab analyses of soil health indicators with field performance. (new priority for 2024)
• Develop strategies to optimize soil structure and minimize and remediate impacts of soil degradation (e.g., shallow and deep soil compaction, loss of soil organic matter, water/tillage erosion) with a focus on demonstrated cost-benefit analysis (factoring soil type into economics).
• Evaluate the economics and effectiveness of the biostrip till concept in improving soil health while maintaining or improving crop production. (new priority for 2024)

Integrated systems approaches to crop management

• Advance production systems to maximize profit, maintain or build soil health, improve crop resilience and reduce GHG emissions & nutrient losses (e.g., factoring in crop rotation, fertility, tillage system, and seeding). Consider the interactions among inputs, specific cropping practices, and environment for increased production, soil health and sustainability.
• Develop effective crop residue management practices to minimize residue challenges, and maximize crop production, profitability and environmental sustainability under minimal tillage/no-till.
• Develop innovative new cropping systems (e.g., intercropping winter wheat and soybeans, relay cropping soybeans into standing crops, biostrip till systems, integrating soybeans into rotations north of New Liskeard to further harness the millions of arable acres in the Great Clay Belt, etc.) that can provide an opportunity for more crop diversity on challenging soils (e.g., heavy clay, sand, etc.).  
• Identify and validate best management practices for effective integration of cover crops into field cropping systems with a focus on   economic and environmental benefits.
• Identify profitable and sustainable agronomic solutions that facilitate crop drydown to reduce the post-harvest grain drying cost and carbon footprint.
• Identify and generate Ontario-specific datasets and tools to advance life cycle GHG accounting of Ontario grains (e.g., tools for refining estimates of soil organic carbon across temporal and geographic scales; data that can improve the accuracy of emission factors used to calculate N₂O emissions from fertilizer use and crop residue by crop and cropping system (including complete crop rotations).
• Update herbicide compatibility data for common replant and/or follow crop scenarios (e.g., plant back intervals).

Precision agriculture tools, technologies & modelling

• Develop and validate site-specific/variable rate production practices that improve efficiency of inputs, support ecosystem services, and contribute to overall farmer profitability, demonstrating actual return on investment (ROI).
• Apply precision agriculture technologies and emerging statistical methods to agronomy research designs to better understand site-specific agronomy, ultimately supporting site-specific decision support tool development.
• Develop simple on-farm research protocols and statistical methods to facilitate site-specific decision support tool development and validation.  
• Identify the ROI (economic and environmental) of new autonomous equipment and disruptive-scale technologies that can add value to Ontario farms in the near-mid-term.
• Determine how to effectively implement innovative sprayer technology (e.g., nozzles, drones, variable rate sprayers, autonomous sprayers, etc.) to maximize ROI and opportunities to improve efficacy and reduce pesticide load.
• Develop crop models for Ontario grain crops that can be utilized in the development of YEN programs to more suitably evaluate current yield potential (e.g., generating data such as water use, light energy capture, conversion efficiency, harvest index, etc. to support crop modeling).

• Develop integrated weed management strategies that consider management and prevention of herbicide resistance (e.g., mechanical weed control, biological weed control), the biology of specific weed species, and how cropping system components like soil fertility, soil health, cover crops, and crop rotations influence weed seed return and control of common weeds.
  • Key weeds include Canada fleabane, lamb’s-quarter, waterhemp, giant ragweed, common ragweed, perennial sow-thistle, foxtail, pigweed, wild carrot, & bluegrass.
• Develop integrated disease & insect pest management strategies that consider management and prevention of trait and pesticide resistance, the biology and epidemiology of specific diseases and insects, and the influence of crop rotations, cover crops, crop inputs, soil health, and natural enemies on insect pest and disease dynamics.
  • Key diseases and insect pests include Fusarium in wheat and barley, Gibberella in corn, tar spot in corn, corn rootworm, western bean cutworm, soybean cyst nematode (SCN), white mould, soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), corn nematodes and other nematodes, foliar pathogens (e.g., stripe rust, Northern corn leaf blight, powdery mildew, oat crown rust, etc.), seedling diseases, spider mites, slugs, and true armyworm.
• Develop effective management strategies, including forecasting tools, for mycotoxin producing pathogens (Gibberella, Fusarium), insect pest vectors (e.g., western bean cutworm) and associated fungal toxin accumulation (e.g., DON) in the field and in stored grain.
• Develop strategies to address emerging weeds (e.g., Palmer amaranth), diseases, and insect pest risks from changing weather patterns, potential foreign introductions, and new resistant populations.
• Assess performance of herbicide programs when few control options exist for specific weed species or cropping systems (e.g., non-GM soybeans, weed control systems without glyphosate or other at-risk active ingredients to meet market requirements).
• Identify, protect, and promote beneficial microbes and insects to manage weeds, diseases, parasitic nematodes, and insect pests in cropping systems.
• Survey and monitor economically important and emerging weeds, diseases (and Fusarium DON glycoside dynamics), and insect pests (e.g., Bt-resistant European corn borer (specific priority pest added in 2024)) to identify changes in population structure and resistance to management strategies.
• Develop rapid, cost-effective predictive/diagnostic tools for farmers to improve pest management decisions.

Grain drying

• Explore new/revolutionary grain drying technologies to substantially improve grain drying efficiency, improve profitability of grain production, and reduce GHG emissions.

Grain quality

• Identify grain quality improvement opportunities to increase the farm-gate value of grain for specific end uses or identity-preserved markets.
• Identify production practices that improve grain quality for specific end uses leading to value-added markets.
• Identify simple and cost-effective grain storage and monitoring practices that maintain grain quality (e.g., by reducing moisture, minimizing spoilage, avoiding insect impacts, etc.) and reduce waste (e.g., grain bags).

Grain bioproducts

• Develop new bioproducts, with industry support, from barley, corn, oat, soybean, and wheat (e.g., industrial products, fuel, and bioplastics) linked to existing and emerging market opportunities that would eventually use at least 40,000 MT/year of Ontario grain, or provide price premium opportunities for Ontario’s grain farmers, or increase the value and sustainable use of crop residues.

Variety & trait development

• Develop high-yielding, high-quality, disease-resistant barley, oat, soybean (non-GM), and wheat varieties adapted for Ontario.
• Develop competitive new varieties for value-added, identity-preserved markets that provide significant economic opportunities for Ontario’s grain farmers.
• Improve genetic resistance to important diseases and insect pests in Ontario including Fusarium/DON (and DON glycosides) in wheat and barley, Gibberella/DON (and DON glycosides) in corn, white mould, western bean cutworm, soybean cyst nematode (SCN), soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), European corn borer, corn rootworm, corn nematodes and other nematodes, foliar pathogens (e.g., stripe rust, Northern corn leaf blight, powdery mildew, oat crown rust, etc.), seedling diseases, soybean aphid, and true armyworm.
• Identify and breed for environmental stress tolerance traits that will enable crops to perform well amid a changing climate (e.g., prolong grain fill period in wheat, barley, oat during high temperatures in June; improve soybean grain fill capability under August drought conditions; improve winter survival of winter wheat and winter barley
• Assess wheat varieties for their relative tolerance to preharvest sprouting and a-amylase expression levels to identify varieties with reduced risk of having low falling numbers at harvest. (new priority for 2024)

Variety selection tools

• Enhance variety performance trials and tools for variety selection (e.g., Gibberella ear rot resistance screening, straw yield of small cereals, etc.).